
When a friend of mine first started getting involved in the queer world a couple of years back, I remember a conversation with him where he complained that he felt so boring. He was just gay, everyone else was all sorts of exotic mixes of sexual orientations and genders that it made the mind boggle.
I remember once hearing someone say “gender is a social construction.” Now, I was the only kid at school to get 100% on my sex-ed test back in grade 7 (I am such a Casanova). I am pretty sure that the whole male vs female thing was fairly straight forward. So that phrase just didn’t compute at all.
I think I am a fairly accepting kind of guy and have done a fairly good job of keeping my mind open on “gender queer” issues. No one ever preached on it, so I had no reason to hate them. But even approaching these issues with an open mind, having a generous attitude, and seeking out gender diverse people I still find that this area plays with my head.
I’ve finally got a framework for thinking about this which works for me, a “boring” cisgender male (I was born male and identify as male). It’s an evolving thing, and I am very open to learning more. I share this in the hope it can help you. This is what they didn’t cover in that exam.
For me, it all comes down to reducing “male” and “female” to their parts, and understanding the ambiguity and diversity at each level.
Biological Sex
Biological sex is the easiest part of gender to understand, in theory. You either have XX chromosomes, or XY chromosomes. When you pop out at birth the first thing the doctor knows is your biological sex. It’s out there for all to see. So there is no confusion here, right?
Wrong. Some people are born with three chromosomes, such as XXY. About 1-2% of the population is born with indeterminate gender at birth (intersex). They may have unformed genetalia, or both genetalia. Usually when this happens doctors treat it like a defect and perform surgery to make the baby one sex or the other (usually female because that is easier). But what happens when the doctors get it wrong?
Sometimes this isn’t noticed until later in life. I remember hearing one story about a man who thought he might have a tumour, but it actually turned out to be a completely formed womb entirely inside his body. I also heard another story about a teenage boy who started menstruating when he hit puberty.
I think physical, biological genital difference or ambiguity is the easiest form of gender diversity for people to accept because there is evidence that the person isn’t suffering a mental illness, and physicality is the most obvious side effect of gender.
Gender Identity
If biological sex is a simple case of genetic diversity – like left and right handedness and the colour of your eyes, gender identity is about how you let your sex become a part of your label and identity. It’s the difference between “having female reproductive organs” and “being a woman”.
Historically, people have always tried to segregate and exclude people using labels. Gender is the greatest way that we have tried to do this. It’s doesn’t have to be, there are probably more important points of differentiation, but it is as it is. As soon as we are born, the first label that is placed on us is gender. Then, depending on your gender, a whole heap of things in your life are decided: the colour of your baby clothes, the toys you have, the people you are allowed to play sport with, etc.
Some people refuse to allow their biological sex to be such a central part of their personal identity. They don’t want the first label you place on them to be based on their genitals. They don’t want biology to be the primary way that we segregate society. Others feel that their external sexual organs do not reflect how they feel internally, so they may go through a process of changing their body, or they may not.
Concepts of gender identity is a stubbornly hardwired in our brains. When we see someone who looks androgynous we can become quite frustrated until we know if they are male or female. Even with gender neutral pronouns written in front of us (like “ze”) we can struggle to use them in favour of “he” or “she.” As soon as we see someone we want to categorise them, so we can feel like we understand them based on our own preconceptions and societal stereotypes, and gender is a key part of this. We feel that if we don’t know someone’s gender, we don’t know them. It doesn’t make sense really. Maybe gender queer people are more sane than we are?
Recently Australian law was changed so that the gender on a passport could be changed by permission of a doctor, without requiring people to go through costly and dangerous sex reassignment surgery. This made life much easier for people whose biological gender didn’t match their outward appearance and societal expectations (try getting into a country with a passport that says you are a man, when you look like a woman). A Christian men’s group near me responded by having a big rant and declaring that “enough is enough,” as though making life easier for people was a huge exercise in immorality by the government. It goes to show the kind of sacred position we give gender identity in our culture.
Masculinity and Femininity
Masculinity and femininity are a set of expectations that are placed on people because of their gender identity. Males are supposed to be more logical, and like sports, and be tough. Women are supposed to be emotional, and nurturing, and beautiful. It’s prince-in-shining-armour-saves-damsel-in-distress kind of stuff.
Masculinity is policed much more than femininity. This is because, traditionally, males have been thought to be the better sex. It is acceptable for females to make a living wearing a suit, or to lounge around at home in a singlet and thongs. But if a male isn’t the primary bread-winner in the home or, heaven forbid, wears a skirt he is treated with derision because he is “lowering” himself to the level of a woman. Besides being repugnant chauvinism, it’s ridiculous. What is it about your gender that sets in stone your role in the family?
Other people’s expectations are rarely helpful if they are based on a label rather than past performance. There are many people in history who have not done what they loved because of the pressure to conform to gender stereotypes. I think this is most evident with straight males. Hugh Jackman used to go to dancing and drama concerts in total secret just in case anyone caught him. It’s a strange culture that decides that dancing with beautiful women is less masculine than playing rugby then showing with naked guys.
Within the evangelical churches that I grew up in, masculinity and femininity came to be wrapped up in a theology known as “complementarianism” (yes, that’s a real word). Complementarianism is an example of the world infecting the church rather than vice versa – it takes societies existing gender stereotypes and wraps them in Christian language. Despite having no biblical basis, it is used to keep women out of leadership positions and gays from getting married. If same-sex monogamous relationships (where the participants are equal when it comes to gender) can work just as well as opposite-sex ones, it is an affront to all the patriarchal social structures in our world.
At about the time I first told some of my close Christian friends that I was gay, I was given a copy of the book “Wild at Heart” by John Eldridge. This book is all about how to be a real Christian man. It literally quotes fairy tales more than the bible, and yet is extremely popular in evangelical circles. I had never been accused of being particularly feminine, yet it was thought that by policing my masculinity a bit more I could somehow un-gay myself. I bought into it in a big way (I even ran a men’s camp with a friend which was largely based around it) and it certainly didn’t work.
Complementarianism is a dangerous theological belief that restricts freedom and supports injustice. To me, the most beautiful and most courageous thing, the most nurturing and strongest thing, the most feminine and most masculine thing is a person who defiantly lives their own life regardless of what society expects of them. Now, they deserve to be complemented.
Where to from here?
Perhaps I am just indulging in a new way to label people, but I find that splitting gender into components helps me to understand where people differ from the norm and also helps me expand my own views of human nature. Whether you’re a intersex person, a drag queen practising high camp, or a boring cisgender male like me we are all beautiful and there is no argument I can imagine that’d make me believe that just being different is wrong.
There is still a long way to go for gender diverse people (and also for women, but that’s another story). Some issues are as simple and solvable as not requiring pronouns on forms or having more shared gender stand-alone toilets. The biggest issue though is prejudice. The suicide rate amongst gender diverse people is more than an order of magnitude higher than the general population.
I know a pastor who posted a thread on Facebook about what the worst thing to hear on a date was. Most of the responses, from Christian guys no less, were along the lines of “I used to be a guy.” To me, that speaks volumes about how we treat non-gender conforming persons. Lets all try and be a little more open to all the interesting little surprises that our gender-queer, “many breasted”, father God has designed for us to discover.

